In closed areas

limited space , is a partially or fully enclosed structure that is not designed to be permanently occupied by workers. Working inside ( limited area entry ) must remain exceptional: during their construction, servicing (especially during cleaning) or maintenance (periodic inspection, repair).

Scope of application

  • Wastewater treatment: chlorination, ozonation
  • Crawl spaces, sewers, drains, pipes
  • Mines, long and thin galleries
  • Cisterns, tanks, containers
  • Wells, sinks, pits, silos and cellars

Limited area entry

Major dangers in confined spaces

Most of the accidents (often serious or fatal) that occur at confined space entrances are due to lack of oxygen, toxic gas or vapor existence and explosion or from fire It originates from . These are therefore the first hazards to watch for when anticipating intervention in this type of area.

  • suffocation , anoxy or hypoxia : temporary or definitive lack of oxygen, which can lead to death
  • Poisoning : Poisoning results from inhaling or absorbing a toxic substance ( hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide ) that can lead to death.
  • explosion and fire : The presence of flammable gases (natural gas, butane, propane, hydrocarbon vapors) or dust may cause fire and explosion.

Risk prevention at closed area entrances

Without entering any closed area feasibility and necessary prevention tools first. organized in advance It is highly recommended that you do so. To classic PPE (helmet, gloves, safety shoes, boots…) in addition, it is recommended to use 4 gas detectors (flammable gas, lack of oxygen, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide) for the confined space and to have a self-rescue breathing apparatus for emergency evacuation. Good prevention also requires proper functioning of devices. Therefore, a daily crash test for portable gas detectors is recommended before each use.

Limited field training

All workers who may work in a confined space environment, such as construction workers, HVAC technicians, or firefighters, are required to receive appropriate confined space training depending on the risk level of their activities.

Confined space awareness courses are designed to help students learn more about safe working practices, the use of appropriate gas monitoring equipment, and what occupational safety regulations include.

Thanks to local education (in the U.S. OSHA confined space training in France CATEC® training and different indoor certification in other regions), employees who thrive in these environments are informed about their legal responsibilities under indoor regulations and other relevant legislation. They also understand how to prevent and respond to various risks. After receiving training, employees become aware of the dangers of working in confined spaces and understand the importance of implementing appropriate control measures and necessary emergency procedures.

Portable gas detectors and space gas monitoring devices for tight spaces

The most commonly used indoor air monitoring device is a 4-gas indoor air meter that simultaneously monitors flammable gas (CH4), oxygen (O2), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

In the event of a leak in an HVAC system, air conditioner refrigerant gas could potentially cause asphyxia. This type of gas cannot be detected without a suitable HVAC leak detector. Refrigerants are odorless, colorless and heavier than air. If an AC refrigerant leak occurs, the gas will accumulate from floor to ceiling, reaching dangerous concentrations. It will displace oxygen in the air and cause asphyxia in people in the room, office or other living area affected by the leak.

Autonomous HVAC refrigerant – freon gas detector

MVR 300 is a self-contained HVAC refrigerant leak detector. This refrigerant gas detector is suitable for all types of electrical installations and requires no additional work to ensure protection. Because Freons are heavier than air, the detector must be mounted near the ground to detect any refrigerant leaks.

With its sensitive measuring range and low alarm value set at 500 ppm, the MVR 300's sensor will detect dangerous freon gas concentration before possible anoxia.

Thanks to its unobtrusive design, the MVR300 fits anywhere and can be installed in any occupied space: hotel rooms, offices, shops or even to detect freon leaks in houses and apartments…

The MVR300 HVAC freon leak detector is more discreet than a smoke detector. It allows monitoring of any possible danger in case of air conditioning malfunction. This is the solution chosen by luxury hotels in France and around the world, such as Hilton Hotels.

Air conditioning systems inspection regulation:

Installation and maintenance of AC systems EN378 standard Edited by . Since January 2017 the standard has been improved to promote some refrigerants over others. Some HFOs may have a long-term positive impact on climate change It has excellent environmental properties.

Article 1 states that air conditioner owners should regularly check their air conditioning installations. The maximum time interval between two reviews is determined in clause 4. Thanks to a refrigerant gas detector for residential areas such as the MVR 300, this control is permanent and the risks from freon leakage are reduced. This solution is also cheaper than involving an external company to continue the review.

electronic breathalyzer

Dräger's portable DA3820 And DA5820 The advanced design of the breathalyzer allows professionals to perform breath alcohol measurements quickly and easily. The testing process with these devices is designed for hygienic use and provides highly reliable results. These devices can also monitor alcohol concentrations in ambient air without using a mouthpiece (passive method).

Dräger DA3820 and DA5820 breathalyzers from Dräger 30 million breath alcohol tests per year performer to the french police It uses the same sensor technology as the professional breathalyzer devices it provides.

Ignition interlock device

Ignition interlock device or IID in public transport It is a regulated unit used in . Buses carrying children - including school buses - are increasingly required to be equipped with interlock breathalyzers worldwide. This arrangement tends to extend to every bus. Additionally, more and more companies are using this technology in their vehicles.

Alcohol interlock systems are automatic systems that require drivers to blow into a breathalyzer built into their vehicle. They can be adjusted to comply with different limits according to any country's legislation, but generally the vehicle can only be started if alcohol is not detected. Transportation safety experts have hailed this technology as a key component in reducing road deaths.

Breathalyzer calibration

In many countries, personal disposable breathalyzers are now controversial due to ethanol reagent toxicity. Their disposal should be done outside of classical recycling circuits. This does not apply to electronic breathalyzers because they are reusable (except for the plastic mouthpiece). They only need calibration every six months to ensure consistently accurate measurements.

Disposable breathalyzer calibration gas Our cylinders (non-refillable) are certified and have many advantages:

  • Ideal for low volume applications
  • Extreme portability and ease of use
  • Long 60 months shelf life
  • Automatically issued certificates of analysis
  • fast delivery

Ethanol (C3H6O) calibration gas cylinders are made of aluminum. These disposable cylinders are filled with precise and known concentrations (usually 260 ppm). Calibration gas cylinders are mixed gravimetrically under the ISO6142 standard, ensuring accuracy, stability and maximum shelf life.

Drug testing and analysis

In addition to our range of electronic alcohol breathalyzers, we also offer drug testing devices for the following substances: cocaine, opioids, marijuana, amphetamines and methamphetamines. This system consists of a saliva drug test strip unit and a cassette filled with reagent fluids.

Depending on the measurement accuracy, the test time is set between 3 and 5 minutes. When an item is not detected, a line facing the category is clearly displayed. Such devices are certified as a medical unit in the EU – regulation 98/79/IEC – and can be used for professional applications.

The main purpose of modified atmosphere packaging and headspace gas is to extend the life of the product . This process often changes the oxygen concentration (O2) inside the packaging to include oxidation (chemical reaction) and other gases that will slow down microbe growth and development.

To obtain the most effective protection for each type of food It has its own modified atmosphere. For example, the modified atmosphere recommended for apples is 5% oxygen, 5% carbon dioxide and 90% is set to nitrogen . For red meat, the ideal modified atmosphere for retail consists of 70% oxygen and 30% carbon dioxide. It is essential to use a headspace gas analyzer to ensure packaging compatibility, safety and accurate measurements. Such detectors require regular calibration.

Benefits of the Headspace gas analyzer

Portable Oxybaby® protective atmosphere analyzer A lot It has the advantage:

  • Very small gas sample required – does not change the composition of the protective atmosphere – no risk of degradation
  • Automatic controlled flow with alarm event in case of sampling needle obstruction
  • Measurement data history can be accessed via the device and previous results can be compared
  • Large backlit display for easy reading in any situation
  • Easy transportation thanks to rechargeable battery
  • Shockproof plastic case for the harshest environments

Our certified gas mixtures for Headspace gas analyzer calibration come in disposable, non-refillable calibration gas cylinders .

  • Ideal for low volume applications
  • Easily portable and easy to use
  • 60 months shelf life
  • Certificates of analysis are automatically provided
  • Fast supply and delivery

Gas mixtures are mixed gravimetrically using ISO6142 standard requirements. They ensure accuracy, optimum stability and maximum shelf life.

Parking lots are generally poorly ventilated enclosed spaces. Steady flow of vehicles, carbon or nitrogen oxides It expels combustion gases that are particularly harmful to health, such as. These hazardous emissions are even higher in vehicles operating in cold weather. To secure these enclosed areas there is usually a car parking garage gas detection monitor Recommended for use (when not required).

Parking lot gas detection

The main harmful gases found in car parks are carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOX), such as nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). In electric or hydrogen vehicles LPG Other gases such as (liquefied petroleum gas) and hydrogen also exist (potential release of hydrogen during charging).

Relays will be activated if gas is present at dangerous concentration levels. Thus, the parking lot ventilation system or visual and audible alarms can be triggered for evacuation. These safety devices are all connected to the gas detection controller with preset actions.

Car park ventilation system and smoke extraction

Most parking lots risks associated with toxic gas It is equipped with air extractors to prevent Although efficient, these units fail because ventilation systems operate at fixed or random times, regardless of toxic gas concentrations. energy intensive...

By constantly monitoring concentrations, gas detection controllers for car parks security provides. Also, because they activate ventilation systems and smoke extractors only when needed. They are also cost efficient. Continuous monitoring optimizes the efficiency of ventilation systems, reducing operating costs.

Our parking gas detection control devices:

In many countries around the world, gas detection systems (in parking lots with more than 500 spaces) It is mandatory to install fixed gas detectors and control devices.

Grand Paris project, gas detection in tunnels It is a perfect example of its importance. around Paris transportation network This massive project, aimed at improving and expanding, includes the construction of many new tunnels.

There have been five deaths and several serious accidents since work began, making The Grand Paris Express has once again revealed the major safety challenges at its construction sites. This , gas detection tools , sufficient to security devices and emphasizes the need for continuous employee training .

Workers in these fields toxic and explosive gases And limited working conditions It faces high risks such as . Therefore, to ensure their safety and prevent serious accidents. multi-gas detectors , tracking signs or like OXY SR Self-rescuers are a must.

A confined space is an enclosed volume, and most serious or fatal accidents that occur during work in these environments are related to the presence of explosive, toxic or asphyxiating substances (lack of oxygen). These will be the first risks to be assessed when developing a working procedure for safety with devices for detecting gaseous emissions in tunnels.

Which gases need to be monitored in tunnels?

Chronic exposure to exhaust gases can lead to significant neurological disorders (headache, dizziness, irritability, drowsiness, convulsions), bronchial irritation and sometimes lung cancer. Therefore, in road or railway tunnels mean values ​​(VME) and limit values ​​(VLE) of exposure to detect gaseous products measure and continually monitor It is mandatory:

  • Carbon monoxide
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Nitrogen oxides (nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide)
  • Sulfur dioxide
  • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including benzene
  • lack of oxygen

Sensors for gaseous substances in tunnels

Multiple gas detector and area monitoring sign

personal protection Regarding , multi-gas detector continues to be essential PPE, as does 4-gas detector. You can also secure one or more work areas with field gas monitors to better define the safety perimeter. For very long tunnels, we recommend communication solutions as shown below…

LENS Wireless technology

Particularly suitable for tunnels LENS™ Wireless technology , is a new approach to safety on a construction site. With this solution, a gas detector or field tracking beacon, When an alarm is triggered following a toxic product hazard, a “man in distress” alarm, or a panic situation, all persons in the connected group will immediately know about the danger.

⇒ More about LENS Wireless technology 

Gas detection – protection for TBM operators

The most commonly used (and cheapest) model for operations performed in confined spaces It is a portable 4 gas detector (explosive gases, O2, CO and H2S). But if you want to be more relevant for tunnels, you can use CO – CO2 – NO – NO2 – O2 You can choose a multi-gas sensor that is ideally configured to detect cells. Some can monitor up to 6 gases simultaneously. Available in a diffusion version or with a remote sampling pump, this sensor is perfectly suitable for hazardous areas, environments that are potentially explosive, toxic, suffocating or contain VOCs (volatile organic compounds).

One of the most reliable tunnel work transmitters Dräger's X-am 5000 portable detector Dräger's X-am 5000 portable detector personal tracking device, potentially explosive gases and vapors, Detects oxygen deficiency and toxic gas concentrations. Generally clip pump , sampling hose and comes with accessories such as workplace beacon .

To guarantee safe operation, sensors in the tunnel industry need to be checked regularly. Companies find themselves doing a calibration or process to check the operation of that sensor. Equips with crash test station.

Whether in France or Europe, people working in tunnels have masks and detection devices, etc. Respiratory protection equipment must be used.

Area gas monitor – X-zone 5500

X-am 8000 portable multi-gas detector

G7 EXO geolocated area gas monitoring

Field gas monitor – Radius BZ1

Respiratory protection and self-rescue mask

Ocenco's M20.2 Self-rescuing masks, such as , are used in non-breathable, oxygen-poor, highly smoky or extremely toxic environments where the filter device would be ineffective or even dangerous. emergency escape specially designed for are respiratory protection devices . They were originally designed for emergency evacuation during work in mines, large tunnels or confined spaces. They are easy to use and guarantee worker safety.

Escape hood, It is particularly suitable for fire protection in a tunnel. Vapors, particles and toxic industrial gaseous substances It offers 15-minute resistance against and allows users to withdraw from the danger zone, for example during smoke evacuation.strial gaseous substances.

to gas emissions In addition, tunnels are prone to fires, floods, chemical emissions and are places where collapses can occur . Because SCBA equipment Wearing it is not enough. The company responsible for the work must establish a security perimeter and an escape route inside the tunnel is essential. The second should open into a passage under the path leading outside.

Indoor air quality analysis

Asthma or allergy like uninfectious Many chronic diseases are directly indoor air quality It is linked to (iaq) degradation . Therefore, for public access buildings (PUBs) to protect public health and safety air quality analysis is becoming increasingly necessary. Various gases can be found indoors in working or living areas. To accurately detect and monitor exposure levels to different gases in PABs, it is important to understand their presence. These gases are emitted mainly due to:

  • The presence of a chemical pollutant such as benzene or formaldehyde in the exhaust when using building materials such as paint or insulation foams.
  • Age of the building. Hygiene institutes and indoor air quality studies in workplaces shed light on the negative health effects of substances used in the past.
  • New high-quality construction standards for insulation and sealing that aim to recycle rather than renew indoor air.

PAB indoor air quality testing: Targeted gases

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide (CO2) occurs naturally in low concentrations in the air; It is colorless, odorless and heavier than air. This gas directly affects human health such as headache and fatigue. When people gather in a poorly ventilated area, such as an office, classroom, or small room in a public building, the amount of carbon dioxide in the air will increase.

Benzene

Benzene, It is the most dangerous indoor air pollutant. Current standards tend to limit its spread in public buildings. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies benzene as a category 1 (R25) carcinogen. If swallowed or inhaled, this organic compound is also harmful to the respiratory tract – especially the lungs (R65) – and the eyes (R36).

Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde It is highly toxic when inhaled. This irritating gas may cause burns (R34). For a long time, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified formaldehyde as group 3: unclassifiable due to its carcinogenicity. However, after a series of studies in 2005, formaldehyde was eventually classified as a group 1: proven carcinogen.

Perkloretilen

Perchlorethylene, It is a very toxic organic vapor that can be found near dry cleaning facilities. Classified as a 2A (R40) substance by the CIRC, this substance may also irritate the eyes and respiratory tract and cause headaches and dizziness.

⇒ ” IPU STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS See page “

Our solutions for monitoring indoor air quality

Indoor air quality analysis consists of measuring and monitoring exposure levels to certain harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), benzene, formaldehyde, or perchlorethylene. Short-term exposure limits and time-weighted average values ​​(STEL and TWA) are established by health and labor government agencies, such as the EPA and OSHA indoor air quality guidelines, and are constantly evolving based on new information regarding these substances.

Gas Detect – together with partners 3M Gas & Flame Detection, Dräger, Honeywell Analytics and Industrial Scientific – gas detectors (4 gas detectors, area gas monitor, fixed system), optical flame detectors And respiratory protection devices (gas masks, escape respirators, self-rescue masks and self-contained breathing apparatus…)

Portable gas detection for the oil and gas industry

4 gas monitors

This is primary 4 gas detectors and is most commonly used for oil and gas applications; for example, exploration, drilling, refining, storage or transportation. At the same time flammable gases (CH4, VNG, LPG, hydrocarbons, solvents…), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) – a very toxic gas – carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen Detects (O2) deficiency.

field gas monitor

As an addition to portable gas detectors or for certain situations (offshore platforms, periodic technical shutdown works in refineries), to cover a production or work area field gas monitors Using it provides full monitoring and higher levels of security for employees and infrastructures. In fact, the oil and gas industry is a major user of field gas monitors: these devices are used in production sites around the world.

Fixed detection for the oil and gas industry

flammable gas detector

Flammable gas detectors (for natural gas, hydrocarbons, solvents and alcohols) oil and gas They are the main gas detection systems used in the industry. There are two main detection technologies depending on the targeted gases:

  • Catalytic sensor: This sensor technology is used for almost any flammable gas. It is very efficient, but its life is shortened as the remaining flammable gas is more or less present.
  • Infrared absorption sensor: This technology should be chosen for any area of ​​activity where there is a permanent residual presence of flammable gases. This, oil and gas It is the technology to be used for the sector.

open road gas detector

open road gas detector It is particularly suitable for some applications, such as offshore platforms, pipelines or large-scale storage areas. The infrared open path detector detects gases and hydrocarbons and has a range of up to 200 metres. This is an attractive solution because it is easy to implement and cost-effective.

Optical flame detector

The optical flame detector responds to any flame radiation. any fire ignition Designed to quickly stimulate . These devices are therefore particularly adapted to refineries, pipelines, pump stations and are great solutions for filling centres, storage structures or offshore platforms. Spyglass SG50 and Spyglass IR3-H2 flame detectors detect flames invisible to the human eye thanks to the near-infrared video option.

Respiratory protection for the oil and gas industry

Escape mask and self-rescue breathing apparatus

In the presence of different toxic gases emergency evacuation People need to wear escape masks. These respiratory protective units fall into two categories: To ABEK using specific filters air purifying respirators and well-suited for emergency escape in highly toxic or insufficiently oxygenated atmospheres air supply respirators (self-rescue masks).

Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)

breathless for more severe interventions in environments with inadequate oxygenation, toxic or suffocating (significant gas leakage) self-contained breathing apparatus ( SCBA ) must be used.

Gas related risks, metal surface treatment It is present throughout the entire process: during degreasing, pickling, plating and also during silver, copper, gold or nickel plating. Many chemicals and acid products used can have serious consequences on human health.

Major surface treatment gases and acids

Surface treatment processPotential gas and matter
Chemical degreasingHalogenated solvents (methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene)
Halogen-free solvents (toluene, xylene)
PicklingHighly toxic acids such as chloridric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid
Chromating, PassivationChromic acid (Chromium 4), sulfuric acid
PhosphatingPhosphoric acid
Metalworking (silver, copper, gold or nickel plating)Acid and cyanide compounds (primarily hydrogen cyanide)

You can find any information about these gases and acids in our INFORMATION ABOUT GAS section. These pages collect the basic physical and chemical properties of gases, their effects on health, and equipment for protection and detection.

⇒ Adjust gas detection equipment according to the gas. see

Gas detection for surface treatment

Surface treatment fixed gas detector units need to be installed close to processing tanks to measure and control the possible presence of toxic and corrosive gases. Health and safety committees also often require traceability of the air quality of work environments. The installation of these fixed gas detection devices can provide a suitable warning system and also ensure compliance.

Worker respiratory protection for surface treatment

In case of emergency – presence of toxic gas in the working atmosphere – or for short-term work in polluted areas; respiratory protective equipment must wear. Workers often wear a full-face respirator (since most acids irritate the eyes), a powered air-purifying respirator, or even in the case of severe concentrations of toxic gases. a self-contained breathing apparatus They use ( SCBA ).

Surface treatment gas detection solutions

Many chemical, corrosive, especially toxic and sometimes carcinogenic products are used for surface treatment. Recommended here gas detection And respiratory protection You can find our devices.

Most gas boiler room It operates without constant monitoring and a gas leak can go unnoticed. For boiler room gas detection controllers It essentially eliminates these risks by triggering the valve actuators. In case of flammable gas detection (liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas), a controller shuts off the gas supply with a safety solenoid valve (instruments located inside taps with appropriate fittings) located upstream and, if possible, outside the technical room.

Boiler rooms standards and regulations

Gas detection systems in large boiler rooms are subject to certain regulations but common sense dictates that the same recommendations apply to smaller systems, regardless of the sector of activity. Gases lighter than air (e.g. methane – CH4 For CH4– etc. the device must be placed above the burner; For gases heavier than air (such as butane or propane), a multi-gas detector should be placed under the burner.

In gas boiler rooms with high ceilings (higher than 3 meters), an additional gas detector is placed at the highest point of the boiler room (or preferably at the exhaust inlet stream, if present); thus, double detection (burner and ceiling) is achieved regardless of the number of burners (hydrogen or other fuel boilers).

All tools required to operate boiler room equipment are referenced according to applicable standards and regulations. The decree of 23 June 1978 applies to boiler rooms with a capacity of more than 70 kW or 85 kW and boiler rooms with a capacity of up to 2000 kW and less than 2 MW. Page 2910 of the order dated 3 August 2018 establishes new methods by reducing the classification threshold for Installations Classées Protection de l’Environnement to 1 MW. This change makes it mandatory to install a fixed gas detection device in boiler rooms.

Boiler room gas detection: different alarm thresholds

Boiler room gas detection: different alarm thresholds

  • Level 1: 10% or 15% of LEL (lower explosion limit), with alarm notification for rapid response in a hazardous area visual and audio signal
  • Level 2: Between 20% and 40% of LEL, by manual resetting of the boiler gas valve interruption of gas supply (human intervention required to restart the boiler)
  • Level 3: Only for the largest gas boiler heating systems. Starting from 60% of LEL, direct action on main LV board and complete shutdown of any power source (except the boiler room gas sensing controller)

Another type of boiler room

Industrial steam boiler room, It is very popular in food, metal, chemical and other industries. At a time when we are looking for a better way to reduce our energy bills, this type of heating meets today's challenges by being more ecological and environmentally friendly. To achieve results, like water and gas consumables It is essential to monitor its evolution. Maintenance and control of the equipment is also essential for the proper operation of the steam boiler. In houses equipped with boilers, carbon monoxide emission risk cannot be ignored.

Gas detectors in boiler rooms

The gas detector inside a boiler room housing several boilers, connected to a central gas detection system, is an important element in worker protection. Daily The use of high-tech detection equipment that requires impact testing is important to the proper functioning of a boiler room. It warns of leaks in gas-fired boiler rooms early and helps protect workers from possible explosions or poisoning. Some for explosive, toxic and refrigerant gases Suitable for ATEX zones such as the OLCT100 fixed gas detector.

The number of devices to be installed depends on the number of boilers, and their location in the building is determined by the risk of leakage. One detector per boiler is preferred, with a central detector at the top, which is lighter than air due to the weight of natural gas, and a device above the heating equipment to trap the gas. The bottom of the system features a ventilation system with fresh air intake, while the top features an air exhaust system to provide continuous air purification even when the burners are turned off.

Maintenance of all tools used in boiler room gas detector is essential. Personnel must be available regularly to perform manual checks, calibrations and preventive maintenance. An explosive meter sensor should be inspected and calibrated periodically. For portable gas detectors, a docking station is ideal for daily crash testing to check that the sensor and cells are working properly.

Components for AIR/GAS lines in boiler rooms

The main (and most effective) form of control in the event of an unexpected gas supply is a device, preferably with automatic or manual reset. gas solenoid valve is to cut off the gas supply using . The power supply of the product passes through the gas detection control unit (fail-safe relay), which shuts down in the event of an alarm as soon as a voltage deficiency is detected. This gas cut-off ensures optimum safety.

gas line accessories Offers advanced protection for solenoid valves. The two basic safety products are block valves, which stop the flow of gas at a certain point, and gas pressure switches, which measure the minimum presence of gas or overpressure. A solenoid valve is an aluminum or brass fitting that opens or closes a circuit by sending an electric current through a magnetic field. They usually have female-to-female connections to standard flanges. This range of tools is diverse and affordable.

The pressure gauge is also a good complement. It measures the pressure of a liquid or gaseous fluid in a heating system. Regular readings of the level are required to detect any problems in the atmosphere  .

Dead glass box is an excellent safety accessory that protects the solenoid valve from corrosion.